Glossary

Blood in the urine.  Can be macroscopic (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic (only detectable with a dipstick test).

A substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body. A low haemoglobin level indicates anaemia. Haemoglobin is often abbreviated to Hb.

An infection of the liver, usually caused by a virus.

A substance produced in one part of the body that acts as chemical messengers in another part of the body. For example, parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands affects functions of the kidney.

High blood levels of the hormone PTH.  In children with CKD, secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused because of some of the kidneys' functions reducing.

High blood pressure.